4/12/2023 0 Comments Mayan civilizationIn the Late Preclassic a number of large cities developed in the Petén Basin, and the city of Kaminaljuyu rose to prominence in the Guatemalan Highlands. Hieroglyphic writing was being used in the Maya region by the 3rd century BC. The first Maya cities developed around 750 BC, and by 500 BC these cities possessed monumental architecture, including large temples with elaborate stucco façades. 2000 BC to 250 AD) saw the establishment of the first complex societies in the Maya region, and the cultivation of the staple crops of the Maya diet, including maize, beans, squashes, and chili peppers. The Archaic period, before 2000 BC, saw the first developments in agriculture and the earliest villages. Today, their descendants, known collectively as the Maya, number well over 6 million individuals, speak more than twenty-eight surviving Mayan languages, and reside in nearly the same area as their ancestors. They did not call themselves "Maya" and did not have a sense of common identity or political unity. "Maya" is a modern term used to refer collectively to the various peoples that inhabited this area. It includes the northern lowlands of the Yucatán Peninsula and the highlands of the Sierra Madre, the Mexican state of Chiapas, southern Guatemala, El Salvador, and the southern lowlands of the Pacific littoral plain. The Maya civilization developed in the area that today comprises southeastern Mexico, all of Guatemala and Belize, and the western portions of Honduras and El Salvador. The Maya civilization ( / ˈ m aɪ ə/) was a Mesoamerican civilization developed by the Maya peoples, and noted for its logosyllabic script-the most sophisticated and highly developed writing system in pre-Columbian Americas-as well as for its art, architecture, mathematics, calendar, and astronomical system.
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